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AUTHIGENIC ILLITE AND ORGANIC MATTER: THE PRINCIPAL HOSTS OF VANADIUM IN THE MECCA QUARRY SHALE AT VELPEN, INDIANA

¹ Department of Geological Sciences, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
² Department of Geosciences, University of Missouri, Kansas City, Missouri 64110-2499, USA

E-mail of corresponding author: drpeacor{at}umich.edu

The Mecca Quarry Shale Member from Velpen, Indiana contains abundant vanadium which occurs in solid solution within illite-rich illite-smectite (I-S) having an average content of 1.65 wt. % V, and an overall composition of K_0.8(Al_2.8Mg_0.5Fe_0.4V_0.3)(Si_7.2Al_0.8)O₂₀(OH)₄, analogous to the V-rich dioctahedral mica, roscoelite. The illite contains more than twice as much V as the associated kerogen. Detrital mica has a composition typical of 2M₁ muscovite and contains no vanadium. The V-rich illite has a structure and composition typical of formation during normal prograde diagenesis and probably is widespread in the Mecca Quarry Shale because the bed is enriched in V throughout the Midwest. The smectite-to-illite reaction can not be a result of passive burial metamorphism because the host strata were buried no deeper than ~0.5 km at Velpen. The formation of illite occurred in unlithified sediments at shallow depths under the influence of pervasive 80–110°C basinal brines, possibly the same fluids that were responsible for the Mississippi Valley-type lead-zinc mineralization common in the Midwest. The presence of two types of K-rich phyllosilicates may be part of the reason for the lack of correlation between bulk V concentrations and the intensities of X-ray diffraction peaks of illite reported by others.

Key Words: Black Shale • Illite • Mecca Quarry • Organic Matter • Vanadium

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