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1 CSIRO Land and Water, PMB No 2, Glen Osmond, SA 5064 Australia
2 Environmental Geochemistry Group, LGIT-IRIGM, University Joseph Fourier and CNRS, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
* E-mail address of corresponding author: will.gates{at}adl.clw.csiro.au
Twelve nontronites and two ferruginous smectites have been characterized with respect to Fe3+ occupancy of tetrahedral sites. The techniques used were near infrared, Fe-K X-ray absorption near-edge and X-ray absorption fine-structure spectroscopies, along with two X-ray diffraction techniques. The results show that calculations of the structural formulae of many nontronites should be adjusted to include Fe3+ in tetrahedral sites. The nontronite from Spokane County, Washington, (~44% Fe2O3) is essentially an end-member with its non-siliceous tetrahedral sites occupied by Fe3+. Samples with chemical compositions similar to Garfield nontronite (~36.5% Fe2O3) may have small amounts (<5% of total Fe3+) of tetrahedral Fe3+. Tetrahedral Fe3+ is unlikely to be present in samples containing less than ~34% Fe2O3.
Key Words: Chemical Analyses • EXAFS • Near IR • Nontronites • Octahedral Fe • Site Occupancy • Smectites • Structural Formula • Tetrahedral Fe • XANES • X-ray Diffraction
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