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DESORPTION BEHAVIOR OF Cd, Zn AND Pb SORBED ON HYDROXYALUMINUM-AND HYDROXYALUMINOSILICATE-MONTMORILLONITE COMPLEXES

Uttam Kumar Saha^1,*, Kz Iwasaki² and Katsutoshi Sakurai²

¹ Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
² Faculty of Agriculture, Kochi University, B 200 Monobe, Nankoku 783-8502, Kochi, Japan

^* E-mail address of corresponding author: sahajp2001{at}yahoo.com

There is a clear gap in the understanding of the desorption patterns of metals sorbed on soils and clays, despite their importance in the mobility, transport and fate of metals in natural environments. In this study, we investigated the desorption behavior of Cd, Zn and Pb sorbed on montmorillonite (Mt) and on hydroxyaluminum (HyA)- and hydroxyaluminosilicate (HAS)-Mt complexes. At pH 6.5, 2.5 g L^–1 of HyA-Mt and HAS-Mt sorbed almost all of the 10^–6 M Cd, Zn or Pb, while Mt under the same condition sorbed ~48, 49 and 55% of the added Cd, Zn and Pb, respectively. Based on pH₅₀ values, the selectivity of metal sorption on Mt was Pb > Zn > Cd, and on the complexes, it was Pb >> Zn = Cd. In general, larger fractions of sorbed metals were remobilized from Mt than from the complexes. Again, in comparison with Pb, larger fractions of sorbed Cd and Zn were remobilized from different clays. Reducing the pHs of the equilibrium sorption systems from a fixed point (6.5) to different points (6.0, 5.5, 5.0, 4.5, and 4.0) and from different points (6.5, 6.0, 5.5, 5.0, and 4.5) to a fixed point (4.0) both yielded hysteretic metal desorption patterns. The fractions of Cd and Zn desorbed through Na and Cu exchange from the clays, especially from the complexes, were very different, indicating the existence of cation exchangeable metal sorption sites of weak and strong affinities on the complexes. Based on the EDTA-extractable fractions of Cd and Zn from HAS-Mt and HyA-Mt, it appeared that HyA–metal bonds are stronger than the HAS–metal bonds. Compared with other agents, acetic acid remobilized the highest fractions of all metals irrespective of the type of clays, with a concomitant release of Al or Al + Si. The Pb-HyA/HAS-Mt bonds were, however, still much too strong to be broken substantially by this mechanism. The results accomplished in this study suggest further attention to the fundamental understanding of the mobility, fate, bioavailability and toxicity of the concerned metals in soils and related environments.

Key Words: Cadmium • Desorption • Hydroxyaluminum • Hydroxyaluminosilicate • Interlayering • Lead • Montmorillonite • Sorption • Zinc

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