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Clays and Clay Minerals; December 2005; v. 53; no. 6; p. 631-638; DOI: 10.1346/CCMN.2005.0530609
© 2005 Clay Minerals Society
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EFFECTS OF ETHYLENE GLYCOL SATURATION PROTOCOLS ON XRD PATTERNS: A CRITICAL REVIEW AND DISCUSSION

Régine Mosser-Ruck1,*, Karine Devineau2, Delphine Charpentier1 and Michel Cathelineau1

1 UMR CNRS 7566 G2R, UHP, BP 239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
2 UMR CNRS 7569 LEM, INPL, BP 40, 54501 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France

* E-mail address of corresponding author: regine.ruck{at}g2r.uhp-nancy.fr

Study of the transformation of smectite to illite, chlorite or vermiculite via interstratified clay minerals needs precise qualitative and quantitative determinations of the different layers in the mixed-layer clays and is generally based on X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns after specific treatments of the clay samples. Saturation with K or Mg followed by ethylene glycol (EG) solvation are classical methods used to identify high-charge smectite and vermiculite. These procedures have been applied to two experimental clays, one composed of smectite layers and the second, a mixture of vermiculite and smectite layers. Different methods of glycolation (EG vapor or liquid EG) produce significant differences in the XRD patterns. Comparison with literature data indicates that K-saturated, high-charge smectite (~0.8 < total charge <1/unit-cell) and Mg-vermiculite (whatever its charge) do not expand in ethylene glycol vapor (d values ~14–15 Å). Expansion to 17 Å in liquid ethylene glycol occurs for Mg-vermiculite with a total charge of <~1.2/unit-cell and for K-saturated, high-charge smectite, when the tetrahedral charge is <~0.7/unit-cell. This study shows that: (1) glycolation procedures need to be standardized; (2) the use of saturation protocols using both liquid ethylene glycol and ethylene glycol vapor yields useful additional information about the distribution of charges in clay minerals.

Key Words: Ethylene Glycol Solvation • High-charge Smectite • K Saturation • Mg Saturation • Vermiculite






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