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Clays and Clay Minerals; December 2007; v. 55; no. 6; p. 593-598; DOI: 10.1346/CCMN.2007.0550606
© 2007 Clay Minerals Society
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TOPOTACTIC CATION EXCHANGE IN TRANSFORMED MICAS UNDER HYDROTHERMAL CONDITIONS

Yunchul Cho and Sridhar Komarneni*

Department of Crop and Soil Sciences and Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA

* E-mail address of corresponding author: komarneni{at}psu.edu

The formation of hydroxylated phases was investigated using K-depleted biotite (Na-biotite) and K-depleted muscovite (Na-muscovite) under hydrothermal treatment with alkali (Li+, K+, NH4+, Rb+ and Cs+), alkaline earth (Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+ and Ba2+), and aluminum (Al3+) cations at 200°C for 1 and/or 3 days. The K-depleted biotite treated with alkali cations produced anhydrous hydroxylated phases, while the K-depleted muscovite did not significantly exchange alkali cations but dehydrated to form Na-muscovite in all cases. The alkaline earth cations, however, produced hydrous hydroxylated phases with both K-depleted micas. The degree of hydration energy of cations and the charge density of micas were found to influence the formation of anhydrous and hydrous phases from the K-depleted micas. This type of topotactic cation exchange potentially could be used for fixation and immobilization of radioactive species such as Cs, Sr, Ra, etc. in the transformed micas. The K-depleted biotite and muscovite treated with Al3+ were transformed to hydroxy-Al interlayered vermiculites (HIV) because of hydrolysis and polymerization of Al3+. These HIV phases could also serve as useful adsorbents for soil and groundwater contaminants.

Key Words: Hydrothermal Treatment • Hydroxy-Al Interlayered Vermiculite (HIV) • K-depleted Biotite • K-depleted Muscovite • Topotactic Cation Exchange • Transformation






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