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Clays and Clay Minerals; February 2008; v. 56; no. 1; p. 39-48; DOI: 10.1346/CCMN.2008.0560104
© 2008 Clay Minerals Society
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HYDROTHERMAL SYNTHESIS OF BEIDELLITES: CHARACTERIZATION AND STUDY OF THE CIS- AND TRANS-VACANT CHARACTER

Sébastien Lantenois1,2,*, Fabrice Muller1, Jean-Michel Bény1, Jamel Mahiaoui2 and Rémi Champallier1

1 Institut des Sciences de la Terre d’Orléans (ISTO), CNRS – Université d’Orléans, 1A rue de la Férollerie, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France
2 Institut Charles Gerhardt, AIME (Agrégats, Interfaces et Matériaux pour l’Energie) CNRS – Université Montpellier 2, UMR 5253, CC 015, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France

* E-mail address of corresponding author: sebastien.lantenois{at}univ-montp2.fr

Low-charge beidellites were synthesized by a hydrothermal treatment applied to an amorphous gel phase in basic solution. The hydrothermal conditions for the syntheses were chosen from the stability field of beidellite previously investigated in the literature. The synthetic samples were characterized chemically and structurally using X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, cation exchange capacity measurement, and chemical and thermal analyses. We compared the synthetic sample with a natural beidellite sample (SbId) from Idaho, USA, looking at chemical composition and particle size. The main difference is the octahedral site occupancy (cis- or trans-vacant layer structure). The natural SbId sample has trans-vacant layers and the synthetic sample has a preferentially cis-vacant character. This character can be modulated, using specific synthesis conditions. The cis- or trans-vacant layer structure of various synthetic beidellites was investigated at low temperature (<350°C) and pressure (<25 MPa). Depending on the pressure and/or synthesis temperature, the proportion of cis-vacant layers ranges from 20 to 100% and increases with the layer-charge deficit.

Key Words: Beidellite • Chemical Analyses • Cis-vacant Layer • FTIR Spectroscopy • Hydrothermal Syntheses • Smectite • TGA • Trans-vacant Layer • XRD






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